Setting up AWS IAM using the AWS Command-Line Interface (CLI) involves using various AWS CLI commands to create users, groups, policies, and roles. Here are the steps to set up AWS IAM using the CLI:

1. Install and configure the AWS CLI: Ensure you have the AWS CLI installed on your local machine and configure it with your AWS credentials using the aws configure command.
2. Create an IAM user: Use the create-user command to create an IAM user. Replace with the desired username:

aws iam create-user –user-name

3. Create an IAM access key (for programmatic access): If the user requires programmatic access (access through API calls), create an access key using the create-access-key command. This will generate an access key ID and secret access key that the user will use to authenticate API requests:

aws iam create-access-key –user-name

4. Create an IAM login profile (for AWS Management Console access): If the user requires access to the AWS Management Console, create a login profile using the create-login-profile command. This will allow the user to sign in to the AWS Management Console with a username and password:

aws iam create-login-profile –user-name –password –password-reset-required

5. Attach IAM policies: Attach an existing IAM policy to the user or create a custom policy and attach it. To attach an existing policy, use the attach-user-policy command, replacing with the ARN of the policy to attach:

aws iam attach-user-policy –user-name –policy-arn

6. Create an IAM group (optional): To manage permissions more efficiently, create an IAM group using the create-group command:

aws iam create-group –group-name

7. Attach users to groups (optional): Use the add-user-to-group command to add the user to the group you created in the previous step:

aws iam add-user-to-group –user-name –group-name

8. Create an IAM role (optional): To delegate permissions to services or applications, create an IAM role using the create-role command. Replace with the desired name for the role:

aws iam create-role –role-name –assume-role-policy-document

9. Attach IAM policies to the role (optional): Attach policies to the role using the attach-role-policy command, just like you did for the IAM user:

aws iam attach-role-policy –role-name –policy-arn

10. Review and verify: Use the appropriate commands, such as list-users, list-groups, and list-roles, to review and verify the IAM entities you have created.
    By following these steps with the AWS CLI, you can effectively set up IAM users, groups, and roles, assign permissions, and control access to your AWS resources programmatically. The AWS CLI provides a powerful and scriptable way to manage IAM resources and ensure secure access management in your AWS environment.
    Figure 6.2 depicts the relationship between IAM and IAM Policy, as well as how it works with the Lambda function:

Figure 6.2 – Interaction between IAM and IAM Policy
• Azure Active Directory (Azure AD): Microsoft’s Azure AD is a cloud-based IAM service that offers identity management, SSO, MFA, and application access management for Microsoft cloud services and third-party applications
• Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (Cloud IAM): Cloud IAM is Google Cloud’s IAM service, providing centralized control over access to Google Cloud Platform (GCP) resources and allowing fine-grained access management
• Okta: Okta is an identity management platform that offers SSO, MFA, life cycle management, and API access management for various cloud and on-premises applications
• Ping Identity: Ping Identity provides comprehensive IAM solutions, including identity federation, access management, and API security, enabling secure and seamless access to cloud and mobile applications
• Microsoft Active Directory (AD): While not specific to the cloud, Microsoft AD can integrate with cloud environments to manage on-premises and cloud-based user identities and provide centralized access control
• Auth0: Auth0 is an identity platform offering authentication and authorization services, including social identity providers, passwordless authentication, and extensible identity features for cloud and web applications